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Kitchen Cutlery Men's Gifts Manicure Sets Razors Shaving Liquor Flasks Groomsmen Gifts Swords Sports Knives Scissors Rubis Gingher Knife Sharpening from Excalibur Cutlery and Gifts Welcome to Excalibur Cutlery & Gifts Thank you for visiting Excalibur Cutlery and Gifts. We invite you to browse our incredible selection for a specific cutlery item or a special gift. Excalibur offers secure online ordering, guaranteed return policy, gift wrapping and prompt, FREE SHIPPING . We are also always happy to assist you in one of our retail locations or help you find the perfect purchase by phone. Choose from one of the categories below or at the top left and welcome again to our fascinating world of fine cutlery and unique gifts. Kitchen Cutlery Sports and Pocket Knives Men's Gifts Groomsmen Gifts Swords and Medieval Razors and Shaving Pocket Flasks, Hip Flasks, Liquor Flasks Manicure Sets Manicure Instruments Rubis Manicure Instruments Gingher Scissors & Shears Scissors and Shears Gentlemen's Knives Multi-tools Harley-Davidson Wedding Gifts Sharpening Equipment Store Locations Store Locations Multi-tools Razors & Shaving Manicure Instruments Wedding Gifts Sharpening Equip. Kitchen Cutlery Gentlemen's Knives Flasks Scissors & Shears Harley-Davidson Gifts Rubis Gingher Sports-Pocket Knives Swords & Medieval Manicure Sets Groomsmen's Gifts Men's Gifts NICA Exclusives © 2004 Excalibur All rights reserved. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. If you have any concerns or problems with our site, please contact the Webmaster, AdSense Consulting.
Birthday Present
Math Forum: Ask Dr. Math FAQ: The Birthday Problem -- Ask Dr. Math: FAQ The Birthday Problem Dr. Math FAQ || Classic Problems || Formulas || Search Dr. Math || Dr. Math Home Suppose you flip a coin and bet that it will come up tails. Since you are equally likely to get heads or tails, the probability of tails is 50%. This means that if you try this bet often, you should win about half the time. What if somebody offered to bet that at least two people in your math class had the same birthday? Would you take the bet? This question is more complicated than flipping a coin, because the chance of finding two people with the same birthday depends on the number of people you ask. If there were only one other person in your math class, you might be surprised to find out that she had the same birthday as you. If there were a pair of people with the same birthday in a class of 366 people, would you still be surprised? How large must a class be to make the probability of finding two people with the same birthday at least 50%? Let's forget about leap year when we solve this problem (no February 29 birthdays!) This way, we can assume that a year is always 365 days long. We'll start by figuring out the probability that two people have the same birthday. The first person can have any birthday. That gives him 365 possible birthdays out of 365 days, so the probability of the first person having the "right" birthday is 365/365, or 100%. The chance that the second person has the same birthday is 1/365. To find the probability that both people have this birthday, we have to multiply their separate probabilities. (365/365) * (1/365) = 1/365, or about 0.27%. Now, what about three people ? The chance of the first and second person sharing a birthday is still 1/365. The first and third person might share a birthday instead. The probability of that is 1/365 as well. But what if the second and third person shared a birthday? And what if all three of them had the same birthday? Things are getting complicated fast. Four or five people would be even messier. Is there a simpler way? To solve the birthday problem, we need to use one of the basic rules of probability: the sum of the probability that an event will happen and the probability that the event won't happen is always 1. (In other words, the chance that anything might or might nothappen is always 100%.) If we can work out the probability that no two people will have the same birthday, we can use this rule to find the probability that two people will share a birthday: P(event happens) + P(event doesn't happen) = 1 P(two people share birthday) + P(no two people share birthday) = 1 P(two people share birthday) = 1 - P(no two people share birthday). So, what is the probability that no two people will share a birthday? Again, the first person can have any birthday. The second person's birthday has to be different. There are 364 different days to choose from, so the chance that two people have different birthdays is 364/365. That leaves 363 birthdays out of 365 open for the third person. To find the probability that both the second person and the third person will have different birthdays, we have to multiply: (365/365) * (364/365) * (363/365) = 132 132/133 225, which is about 99.18%. If we want to know the probability that four people will all have different birthdays, we multiply again: (364/365) * (363/365) * (362/365) = 47 831 784/ 48 627 125, or about 98.36%. We can keep on going the same way as long as we want. A formula for the probability that n people have different birthdays is ((365-1)/365) * ((365-2)/365) * ((365-3)/365) * . . . * ((365-n+1)/365). If you know permutation notation, you can write this formula as (365_P_n)/(365^n). That's the same as 365! / ((365-n)! * 365^n). We've made some progress, but we still haven't answered the original question: how large must a class be to make the probability of finding two people with the same birthday at least 50%? We know that the probability of finding at least two people with the same birthday is 1 minus the probability that everybody has a different birthday, and we know how to find the probability that everybody has a different birthday for any number of people. The easiest way to find the right class size is to use a calculator to try different numbers in the formula. It turns out that the smallest class where the chance of finding two people with the same birthday is more than 50% is... a class of 23 people . (The probability is about 50.73%.) From the Dr. Math archives: Probability Theory: Coincidental Birthday Probability of the Same Birthday within a Group Birthday Probabilities Three Share a Birthday The Birthday Problem; Queuing at a Bank Birthday Probability, Class of 25 One Person of Seven Born on Monday Odds of Left-Handedness in a Group From the Web: The Birthday Problem: A short lesson in probability , George Reese A Java applet that you can use to test different class sizes (it works better with small classes) and graphs of the probability for different numbers of people. The Law of Small Errors , Keith Devlin The birthday problem, and related questions - what's the probability that someone will have your birthday? Birthday Surprises, Ivars Peterson Birthday Problem, Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics Coincidence, Alexander Bogomolny How to Read Mathematics, Shai Simonson and Fernando Gouveau This article uses an explanation of the birthday problem as an example. An Introduction to Mathematica and the "Birthday Problem," Louie Beuschlein For a general review of probability: Probability, Dr. Math FAQ Probability in the Real World, Dr. Math FAQ - Ursula Whitcher, for the Math Forum Submit your ownquestion to Dr. Math [ Privacy Policy ] [ Terms of Use ] Math Forum Home || Math Library || Quick Reference || Math Forum Search Ask Dr. Math ® © 1994-2005 The Math Forum http://mathforum.org/dr.math/
Shower Gift Ideas Nursery
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Unique Gifts
Unique Wedding Party Favors, Wedding Favors, Gifts & ideas for Wedding, Bridal & Baby Showers, Friendship, Anniversaries & Memorials Help | Home | Contact Us Customer Comments | View Cart Enter Keywords Wedding Favors Gifts Attendants Gifts Engagement Parties Anniversary Ideas Bridal Shower Favors Gifts Decorations & Supplies Games Baby Shower Favors Gifts Decorations & Supplies Games Parties Birthday Celebrations Retirement Celebrations Party Ideas, Favors & Gifts Holiday Favors All Occasion Gifts Memorial Products Related Links Baby Shower Gifts Labor Day Pamper Pack Surprise your favorite Mommy-to-be with the gift of tranquillity on the one day she'll really need it! More Info Bridal Shower Gifts Newlywed Kitchen Combo Bride and groom oven mitts really get things cooking in the kitchen! Stir up some smiles with this fun novelty item. More Info Celebrate weddings , bridal showers , baby showers , anniversaries , friends and memorialize loved ones with special gifts and favors from The Rosemary Company. The herb rosemary is the symbol of remembrance, and a traditional gift for loved ones. It said they were someone special and would never be forgotten. Surprise your guests with an array of beautiful mementoes chosen for their thoughtful, unique and memorable qualities. Personalized Tea Favor Personalized Wedding Coffee Wedding Cake Candle Favor Long-Stemmed Lollies VIEW MORE WEDDING FAVORS Celestial Bridal Shower Favor Magnetic Clipboard Favor Bride To Be Button Cookie Cutter Heart Favor VIEW MORE BRIDAL FAVORS Personalized Baby Shower Notepads Showertime Baby Shower Favor Baby Bootie Shower Favors Satin Bunny Favor VIEW MORE BABY FAVORS Help | Home | Contact Us | View Cart © 2000 - 2005 The Rosemary Company. All rights reserved. Privacy Statement This site maintained by Fox Web Design Please direct all questions and comments to the Webmaster
Great Gifts Inc. Announce
Great Gifts Recall of Snowmen Holiday Lamps NEWS from CPSC U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Office of Information and Public Affairs Washington, DC 20207 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 19, 2004 Release # 04-140 Firms Hotline: (800) 611-0651 CPSC Consumer Hotline: (800) 638-2772 CPSC Media Contact: (301) 504-7908 CPSC, Great Gifts Inc. Announce Recall of Snowmen Holiday Lamps WASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission announces the following recall in voluntary cooperation with the firm below. Consumers should stop using recalled products immediately unless otherwise instructed. Name of product: Snowmen Holiday Lamps Units: 1,900 Importer: Great Gifts Inc., McKeesport, Pa. Hazard: These electric holiday lamps have undersized wiring, no strain relief on the electric cords, and the molded plastic enclosure is flammable. The lamps pose fire and electrocution hazards. Incidents/Injuries: None reported. Description: There are three styles of snowmen lamps included in the recall. The Turbo 1541 model is a train with a snowman and light with Joyful written on the top. The model 1536A consists of three snowmen with a light in a campfire. Model 1628 is three snowmen with a choir book and light. Each holiday light has the model number listed on its base with the label Made in China for Great Gifts McKeesport PA 15132. Sold at: Small gift stores nationwide from October 2003 through December 2003 for about $10. Manufactured in: U.S.A. and China Remedy: Stop using these lamps, and contact the firm to get information on returning them and receiving a refund. Consumer Contact: Call Great Gifts Inc. toll-free at (800) 611-0651 between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. ET Monday through Friday. Media Contact: Marian Basa at (412) 672-2300.