Birthday Present

Math Forum: Ask Dr. Math FAQ: The Birthday Problem -- Ask Dr. Math: FAQ The Birthday Problem Dr. Math FAQ || Classic Problems || Formulas || Search Dr. Math || Dr. Math Home Suppose you flip a coin and bet that it will come up tails. Since you are equally likely to get heads or tails, the probability of tails is 50%. This means that if you try this bet often, you should win about half the time. What if somebody offered to bet that at least two people in your math class had the same birthday? Would you take the bet? This question is more complicated than flipping a coin, because the chance of finding two people with the same birthday depends on the number of people you ask. If there were only one other person in your math class, you might be surprised to find out that she had the same birthday as you. If there were a pair of people with the same birthday in a class of 366 people, would you still be surprised? How large must a class be to make the probability of finding two people with the same birthday at least 50%? Let's forget about leap year when we solve this problem (no February 29 birthdays!) This way, we can assume that a year is always 365 days long. We'll start by figuring out the probability that two people have the same birthday. The first person can have any birthday. That gives him 365 possible birthdays out of 365 days, so the probability of the first person having the "right" birthday is 365/365, or 100%. The chance that the second person has the same birthday is 1/365. To find the probability that both people have this birthday, we have to multiply their separate probabilities. (365/365) * (1/365) = 1/365, or about 0.27%. Now, what about three people ? The chance of the first and second person sharing a birthday is still 1/365. The first and third person might share a birthday instead. The probability of that is 1/365 as well. But what if the second and third person shared a birthday? And what if all three of them had the same birthday? Things are getting complicated fast. Four or five people would be even messier. Is there a simpler way? To solve the birthday problem, we need to use one of the basic rules of probability: the sum of the probability that an event will happen and the probability that the event won't happen is always 1. (In other words, the chance that anything might or might nothappen is always 100%.) If we can work out the probability that no two people will have the same birthday, we can use this rule to find the probability that two people will share a birthday: P(event happens) + P(event doesn't happen) = 1 P(two people share birthday) + P(no two people share birthday) = 1 P(two people share birthday) = 1 - P(no two people share birthday). So, what is the probability that no two people will share a birthday? Again, the first person can have any birthday. The second person's birthday has to be different. There are 364 different days to choose from, so the chance that two people have different birthdays is 364/365. That leaves 363 birthdays out of 365 open for the third person. To find the probability that both the second person and the third person will have different birthdays, we have to multiply: (365/365) * (364/365) * (363/365) = 132 132/133 225, which is about 99.18%. If we want to know the probability that four people will all have different birthdays, we multiply again: (364/365) * (363/365) * (362/365) = 47 831 784/ 48 627 125, or about 98.36%. We can keep on going the same way as long as we want. A formula for the probability that n people have different birthdays is ((365-1)/365) * ((365-2)/365) * ((365-3)/365) * . . . * ((365-n+1)/365). If you know permutation notation, you can write this formula as (365_P_n)/(365^n). That's the same as 365! / ((365-n)! * 365^n). We've made some progress, but we still haven't answered the original question: how large must a class be to make the probability of finding two people with the same birthday at least 50%? We know that the probability of finding at least two people with the same birthday is 1 minus the probability that everybody has a different birthday, and we know how to find the probability that everybody has a different birthday for any number of people. The easiest way to find the right class size is to use a calculator to try different numbers in the formula. It turns out that the smallest class where the chance of finding two people with the same birthday is more than 50% is... a class of 23 people . (The probability is about 50.73%.) From the Dr. Math archives: Probability Theory: Coincidental Birthday Probability of the Same Birthday within a Group Birthday Probabilities Three Share a Birthday The Birthday Problem; Queuing at a Bank Birthday Probability, Class of 25 One Person of Seven Born on Monday Odds of Left-Handedness in a Group From the Web: The Birthday Problem: A short lesson in probability , George Reese A Java applet that you can use to test different class sizes (it works better with small classes) and graphs of the probability for different numbers of people. The Law of Small Errors , Keith Devlin The birthday problem, and related questions - what's the probability that someone will have your birthday? Birthday Surprises, Ivars Peterson Birthday Problem, Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics Coincidence, Alexander Bogomolny How to Read Mathematics, Shai Simonson and Fernando Gouveau This article uses an explanation of the birthday problem as an example. An Introduction to Mathematica and the "Birthday Problem," Louie Beuschlein For a general review of probability: Probability, Dr. Math FAQ Probability in the Real World, Dr. Math FAQ - Ursula Whitcher, for the Math Forum Submit your ownquestion to Dr. Math [ Privacy Policy ] [ Terms of Use ] Math Forum Home || Math Library || Quick Reference || Math Forum Search Ask Dr. Math ® © 1994-2005 The Math Forum http://mathforum.org/dr.math/

Christmas Gifts Business &

Christmas Gifts, Promotional Gifts, Awards - Wedding, Anniversary, Birthday,Valentines Gifts Welcome to "An abundance of great gifts" Personalized Christmas Gifts Business & Corporate Promotional Gifts Advertising and Marketing Promotional Items Promotional Products Custom Imprinted Products Personalized Gifts Wedding, Anniversary, Birthday, Christmas, Retirement, Teachers, Mothers Day, Fathers Day, Graduation, Valentines Gifts Awards, Plaques, Trophies Employee, Recognition, Achievement, Corporate, Sports, Golf Satisfaction Guaranteed! You must be completely satisfied with your purchase. We pay return shipping costs. Contact us via email at or call (218) 678-3831 Search Wealthwood Gifts Free shipping USA orders over $50. September Pre-Christmas Sale Order any of our personalized leather products (Item numbers prefixed with an E-) during the month of September and receive a 10% discount. Your discount will be shown in the shopping cart during checkout. 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Valentine Gifts For Her

Valentine Gifts For Her - Gifts BW gifts | gifts Resources | Add URL Wine Gifts & Baskets From the casual wine drinker to the serious enthusiast, we have a gift that will make them smile. Our selection includes premium wine, gourmet baskets, distinctive champagne sets & the very finest California and Northwest wines. Valentine Gifts For Her Articles Valentines Day Gifts making valentine gifts A growing source for finding Valentine's Day craft projects that make great gifts....( Continue Reading ) Valentines: Gifts That Moms Will Love Looking for a special Valentine's Day gift for a mom of multiples? Here's a list of ten gifts that moms of multiples will love. • Talk about your plans for Valentine's Day in the message forum.......( Continue Reading ) Valentine Gifts for Her Valentine gifts for a woman....( Continue Reading ) Valentine Gifts for Women Traditional Valentine's gifts that never fail: Flowers (roses, of course!), candy, and jewelry....( Continue Reading ) Valentine Gifts for Women Traditional Valentine's gifts that never fail: Flowers (roses, of course!), candy, and jewelry....( Continue Reading ) Valentine Gifts For Her Directory Links send gifts to the philippines gifts india gifts for grandpa ideas for anniversary gifts anniversary year gifts unusual valentine gifts original baby gifts personalized photo gifts gifts for wedding attendants gifts for bosses monogrammed anniversary gifts end of the year teacher gifts traditional house warming gifts gifts for teenagers graduation gifts men cheap birthday gifts wedding engagement gifts anniversary gifts for men chinese wedding baskets tiffany corporate gifts valentines day gifts to india gourmet easter baskets anniversery gifts sending gifts to chennai womens christmas gifts newborn infant gifts finding spiritual gifts hindu wedding gifts gifts for girlfriends gifts for my boyfriend pine needle baskets theme gift baskets gifts of wine 7 gifts of the holy spirit appropriate wedding gifts great gifts for your girlfriend bachelorette party gag gifts christian gift baskets corporate gifts houston fruit baskets gifts embroidered baby gifts wedding bathroom baskets gifts for mom to be gifts kids religious gifts Popular Search Terms: Gifts BW © 2004 Gifts BW All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. All Rights Reserved. This site is not related to Brajeshwar or Brajeshwar.com in anyway, shape or form

Top Ten Gifts for

Top Ten Gifts for the Bride  You are here: About > Style > Weddings > Bridal Party & Guests > Wedding Guest Info > Gifts > Top Ten Gifts for the Bride Style Weddings Essentials Planning Your Wedding - Brides & Grooms Easy Wedding Checklist Engagement Rings and Wedding Bands Invitations, Programs, and Stationery Organization and Wedding Planning Articles & Resources Brides and Grooms Bridal Party & Guests Your Wedding Ceremony Wedding or Engagement Rings Wedding Locations Showers and Parties Style and Attire Celebrity Weddings Honeymoons Wedding Flowers Wedding Music Wedding Cakes, Food, Menus Invitations & Programs Wedding Photography Wedding Favors Articles Forums Help FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Weddings newsletter! See Online Courses   Search Weddings Stay up to date! Email to a friend Print this page Most Popular Wedding Vows Dr. Seuss - Funny Wedding Vow Sample Wedding Ceremony Wedding Invitation Wording Sample Wedding Thank You Cards What's Hot Top Honeymoon Ideas 10 Tips for an Outdoor Wedding Wedding Flowers & Florists Valentine's Day Weddings Medieval Wedding Related Topics Honeymoons / Romantic Getaways Marriage Dating Top 10 Gifts for the Bride Guide Picks From Nina Callaway , Your Guide to Weddings . FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Friends and loved ones of the bride have it tough. Not only do you have to find great engagement, shower, and wedding gifts, but usually birthday and holiday gifts as well. When a bride is getting hundreds of presents from her registry, it can be hard to figure out other things she wants. Yet never fear, your trusty guide is here to give you ten great things that every bride needs. 1)A Slim Digital Camera When planning a wedding, a bride visits tons of vendors, sites and stores that she'll want to remember. With a slim digital camera in her bag, she'll be able to snap away and remember her options later. The bride planning her wedding with a fiance or mother far away will doubly appreciate the easy ability to digitally share pictures for consideration. 2) A spa gift certificate Every bride I've known was STRESSED out. An inexpensive manicure or pedicure will help her look great at pre-wedding events, tense muscles will love a massage, and a facial will help her skin look fantastic for wedding pictures. Or splurge and get her a full-day of beauty that will allow for maximum relaxation time. I recommend buying a gift certificate from spafinder.com, where the recipient can choose from a variety of spas and treatments. Buy Direct 3)A Book That Will Make Her Laugh Along those same lines, the stressed-out bride needs to laugh. Why not give her a book such as "Diary of a Mad Bride" a comedic tale told in diary format. After pooh poohing her friends engaged mania, suddenly the protaginist finds herself being THAT crazy bride.If that's not her taste, try a wedding comedy movie or tickets to see some stand-up - laughter is, after all, the best medicine. 4)Monogramed Goodies If a bride is changing her name, she'll appreciate getting towels, slippers, or keepsake boxes with her new initials on it. If she's not changing her name, similar items featuring the two initials for her and her fiance's last names will give hints of the new life she'll soon lead. She most likely won't have registered for monogrammed items - most registries that I know of don't have this option - so your gift will be unique. 5)Confirmation of Youth Remind her that getting married doesn't have to mean changing who she is, with a bottle of her favorite whiskey, a gift certificate for sex toys, or a coupon for a girls night out. If she's not a wild girl, give her the same kind of present that you would have given her if she wasn't getting married - she'll still love the sappy movie, or the funky t-shirt. 6)Honeymoon Gift If you know where she's planning on honeymooning, she'll love a helpful guidebook on the spot, or appropriate accessories. (beach blanket for a Carribean honeymoon, cashmere scarf for a ski-resort getaway, etc.) She won't have registered for it, but it will be tremendously helpful. 7)Lingerie Every bride can use some reminders of her beauty and sexiness. Give her some gorgeous lingerie that will help keep the spark alive after the wedding night. Those of you who are conservative can give a beautiful pegnoir set, while adventurous types can opt for skimpy or crotchless panties, latex bras, or, well, you get the picture! 8)Holiday Decorations Today's brides register for furniture, electronics, and camping equipment, as well as the traditional kitchen and entertaining gear. Yet very few brides have the holiday decorations they'll need to start new traditions and recreate old traditions. Whether you give a holiday ornament with both of their names engraved on it, a beautiful menorah, or a cornucopia to create a Thanksgiving centerpiece, your gift will be put to use for years to come. 9)Engagement Memories A newly married couple will have lots of documentation of the wedding day itself, yet few have documentation of planning the wedding. A bride will love a beautiful album with pictures of her shower, a journal for recording her thoughts during the process, or a scrapbook you've put together. Grooms, why not put together a scrapbook of your dating memories? To make it extra special, add tickets or gift certificates so that you can revisit one of the places that made such great memories. 10)A History of Her Fiance's Family She's gaining a whole new set of family members, but she probably doesn't have ANY idea of who they are! A thoughtful gift would be a labeled photo album with all of the new people in her family, or a beautiful groom's family tree (make sure you include the bride!). Important product disclaimer information about this About site. Most Popular Video Fashion for Special Occasions Women: Dressing by Body Type Women: Building a Wardrobe Men: Building a Wardrobe Men: Dressing by Body Type See other videos at About.com        Topic Index | Email to a Friend Our Story | Be a Guide | Advertising Info | Work at About | Site Map | Icons | Help User Agreement | Ethics Policy | Patent Info. | Privacy Policy | Kids' Privacy Policy ©2005 About, Inc., A part of the New York Times Company . All rights reserved. Around About Poll: What would you do with $10 million? 1) Spend it 4) Pay bills 2) Donate 5) Save 3) Invest 6) Not sure Is New York City Safe? 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Jewelry Gift of the

Find Unique Gift Ideas and Creative Gifts - FindGift.com Personalize FindGift.com! -- Login | Sign Up | List of Services Gift Ideas Gift Registry Gift Shops Gift Bookmarks Home | Help keyword search Gift Giving Made Easy! A free service dedicated to helping you find creative gift ideas! Welcome to FindGift.com! Looking for someone's gift registry, click here . Gifts by Occasion Anniversary Baby Shower Baptism Bar Mitzvah Bat Mitzvah Birthday Breakup / Divorce Confirmation Family Reunion First Communion Graduation House Warming New Baby Promotion Retirement Wedding Who is the Gift for? Her Him Couple Baby Toddler Child Pre-Teen Teenager for a Pet Client Teacher Express Yourself Cheer Up Congratulations Crazy for You Get Well Girl Power Good Luck I Love You I Miss You I'm Sorry Let's Party Sympathy Thank You Thinking of You Gifts by Type Romantic Personalized Unique Sentimental Wacky Humorous Fashionable Cosmopolitan Spiritual Trendy Healthy Relaxing Inspirational Geeky Advanced Search Gift Finder Gift Wizard FindGift.com helps you find unique gift ideas and connects you to online stores where these gifts are sold. We search the web to bring you great gift ideas! Try our Gift Wizard our newest gift finding technology Gifts in the Spotlight Best Friends Plaque Cancer Fighting Get Well Gift Basket Gift Ideas by Category Gift Baskets • Care Packages , Bath & Body • Healthy , Sports Theme • for Kids , for Teens , for Babies All Gift Baskets Keepsakes • Family Heirlooms , Memory Boxes • Photo Albums , Picture Frames • Journals , Poetry , Memorials All Keepsakes Bridal Party • Bridesmaids , Groomsmen • Maid of Honor , Best Man • Flower Girl , Ring Bearer , Parents All Bridal Party Special Themes • Hearts , Celestial , Zodiac • His & Hers , Gag Gifts • Summer , Special Causes All Special Themes Regional Gifts • French , Italian , Irish • Japanese , Hawaiian • NYC , Las Vegas , Hollywood All Regional Theme Occupational Gifts • Firefighter , Police , Military • Doctor , Dentist , Nurse • Coach , Hairdresser All Occupational Theme Tasty Gifts • Wines & Spirits , Coffee , Tea • Retro Candy , Cookies , Popcorn • Seafood , Meats , Breakfast All Food & Dining Flowers & Plants • Sunflowers , Lavender , Lilies • Bonsai Trees , Bamboo , Herbs • Plant Stands , Balloons All Flowers & Plants Jewelry • Bracelets , Lockets , Anklets • Personalized , Beaded , Children's • Jewelry Boxes , Watches All Jewelry Gift of the Month Clubs Gift Certificates Additional categories: Apparel , Baby Gear , Bath & Body , Collectibles , Collegiate , Eco-Friendly , Electronics , Exercise & Wellness , Household , Leisure , Office , Outdoors , Party Supplies , Patriotic , Pets , Religious , Senior Gear , Sports & Recreation , Toys , Yesteryear , See all Additional Services In addition to providing unique gift ideas, we also offer many free services for members, shown below. Sign-up Now! to use our FREE services! Gift Registry Free Gift Registry Create your own personal gift registry. Register for any item, from any store, for any occasion. Find the gift registries of your family and friends. Gift Bookmarks Free Gift Idea Bookmarks Ever find the perfect gift idea for someone, but their birthday was months away? Now, with FindGift.com bookmarks you can easily remember the gift ideas that you have for other people. Email Reminders Free Email Reminder Service Provides timely email reminders for a birthday, anniversary, and other special occasions. Sign-up Now! Bosses Day Oct 16, 2005 24 Shopping Days Left Bosses Day Gift Ideas Sweetest Day Oct 15 Halloween Oct 31 More Holidays Seasonal Gifts Wedding Gift Ideas Anniversary Gift Ideas Autumn Theme See this month's Top 20 Gift Ideas Gift Helpers » Anniversary Gifts » Flower Meanings » Monthly Flowers » Monthly Birthstones » Signs of the Zodiac » Additional Resources FindGift.com Newsletter Sign up to receive seasonal and unique gift ideas via email. Email Address Merchant Login | Add Your Products to FindGift.com | Press Room | FAQs | Contact FindGift.com Conditions of Use | Privacy Policy | Site Map © 1997-2005, Registry Online, Inc. FindGift.com and its logo are trademarks of Registry Online, Inc.